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Year: 2009 / Issue: 04
References
- Title Page
- Baklanov A.A. Mesoscale Meteorology and Air Pollution: Introduction into the Problem and Conference Aims
- Kazakov A.L. In Commemoration of the Late Professor Lev N. Gutman
- Batalov V.G., Sukhanovsky A.N., Frick P.G. Laboratory modeling of meridional atmosphere circulation and super-rotation
- Ivanov S.V., Palamarchuk Yu.O. Impact of a synoptical pattern on the state-dependent model error
- Kalashnik M.V., Shmerlin B.Ya. Spontaneous growth of hurricane-like disturbances in the theory of convective instability for a moist saturated atmospheric layer
- Kazakov A.L., Ivanova E.V. Use of one-dimensional models of the atmospheric boundary layer for the estimation of seasonal and synoptic variability of the meteorological values in the region of the ‘C’ ocean station
- Nabokova E.V., Rubinshtein K.G., Egorova E.N. An analysis of the average surface temperature changes in the experiments with the general atmospheric circulation model of the Hydrometcenter of Russia taking into account city surface features
- Pirnach A.M., Dudar S.M., Shpyg V.M. Numerical Simulation of the Dangerous Events in the Steppe Part of Ukraine
- Pirnach A.M., Shpyg V.M. Numerical simulation of the evolution of mesoscale formations accompanied the dangerous events over Crimea
- Shmerlin B.Ya., Koryshev O.V., Den’kin V.A., Korenev A.I., Shmerlin M.B. “Queasyprognostic” calculations of tropical cyclones motion
- Zilitinkevich S.S., Elperin T., Kleeorin N., Rogachevsky I. Closure of the Reynolds equations for stably stratified turbulent flows in the atmosphere and the ocean
- Arutyunyan R.V., Semyonov V.N., Sorokovikova O.S., Fokin A.L., Ignatov R.Yu., Nabokova E.V., Rubinstein K.G. Verification of atmospheric dispersion model together with mesoscale meteorological model with height resolution
- Baklanov A.A. Chemical Weather Forecasting: a New Concept and Methodology of Two-Way Integrated Meso-Scale Modelling
- Belan B.D., Rasskazchikova T.M., Simonenkov D.V., Tolmachev G.N. Study of the Anthropogenic Contribution of Tomsk City to Aerosol Composition by means of Measurements At Two Sites
- Belan B.D., Uzhegova N.V. Pollution of the Airbasin of an Industrial Center. Verification of the Theory
- Djolov G., Fourie G., Pienaar J. Modelling Long-Range Transport and Chemical Transformation of Pollutants in Southern Africa Region
- Garger E.K., Lev T.D., Talerko N.N., Kovalets I.V. Use of Numerical Weather Model «ММ5» for Meteorological Maintenance of Emergency Responsibility System on the NNP
- Grisogono B. A Generalized “Z-Less” Mixing Length-Scale for Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layers
- Gryning S.-E., Batchvarova E., Soegaard H. Upscaling of Mesoscale CO2 Fluxes in the Convective Boundary Layer
- Karelsky K., Petrosyan A.S., Slavin A.G. Finite-Difference Presentation of the Coriolis Force for Flows of Rotating Shallow Water
- Lowndes I.S., Silvester S.A., Kingman S.W., Hargreaves D.M. Improved Multi-Scale Computational Modelling of Fugitive Dust Dispersion from Surface Mining Operations
- Mahura A., Baklanov A., Hoe S., Sørensen J.H., Petersen C. Changes in Meteorological and Atmospheric Transport and Deposition Patterns due to Influence of Metropolitan Areas
- Nuterman R.B., Baklanov A.A., Starchenko A.V. Application of Microscale Model for Development of Urban Canopy Parametrization Scheme for Mesoscale Models
- San José R., Pérez J.L., Morant J.L., González R.M. Simulations of PM10, PM2.5 and Other Pollutants During Winter 2003 in Germany: a Model Experiment with MM5-CMAQ and WRF/CHEM Models
- Semyonov V.N., Sorokovikova O.S. The modeling of consequence the hypothetical variants of radiation accidents in utilizing atomic submarines at Kamchatka region
- Shnaydman V.A., Stepanenko S.N. Computational algorithm of solution of the three–dimensional non–stationary turbulent diffusion equation on the base of the alternating direction method
- Stepanenko S.N., Voloshin V.G., Tiptsov S.V. New formula of estimation of level of the ground concentrations of pollutions from industrial sources
- Batchvarova E. Summary of the Opening Talk of the Round Table Discussion
- A Bibliography of the Writings of Professor Lev N. Gutman
Papers
The evolution of a large-scale azimuthal velocity field in a rotating cylindrical layer of fluid (radius 150 mm, depth 30 mm, free upper surface) with meridional convective circulation was studied experimentally. Two cases were considered: inward upper level circulation provided by a rim heater at the periphery and outward upper level circulation provided by a central heater. The heating rate is characterized by the Grashoff number defined through the heat flux. The detailed 3D structure of the mean large-scale velocity field is reconstructed using the PIV technique for large interval of Grashoff number values. It was shown that the energy of meridional circulation grows with the Grashoff number in the same way for both directions of circulation. Due to the action of the Coriolis force the meridional flow results in differential rotation. Meridional circulation leads to substantial variation of the integral angular momentum. Inward circulation results in the growth of the integral angular momentum and outward circulation causes it to decrease. At the same heating power, the increase of angular momentum at inward circulation is much stronger than its decrease at outward circulation.
- Gierasch, P.J (1975) Meridional Circulation and the Maintenace of the VenusAtmospheric Rotation. J. Atmos. Science, Vol. 32, pp. 1038.
- Read, P.L. (1986) Super-rotation and diffusion of axial angular momentum: I. “Speedlimits” for axisymmetric flow in a rotating cylindrical fluid annulus. J.R. Met. Soc., 112, pp.231–252.
The state-dependent error of the MM5 model for the geopotential, temperature and relative humidity fields in different synoptical patterns during a winter season over the Atlantic Ocean is considered. The evolution of the model error throughout the integration period is shown. Parts of synoptical patterns responsible for the largest model error are outlined.
- Иванов С.В., Паламарчук Ю.О. Оценка систематической ошибки модели ММ5 при различных схемах параметризации. – Укр. гидромет. журнал, 2007, № 2, с. 53–64.
- Иванов С.В., Паламарчук Ю.О. Диагноз и расчет осадков во внетропических широтах в модели ММ5. – Вестник ОГЭКУ, 2008, № 5, с. 100–111.
- Businger, S. et al. (2001) Extraction of geopotential height and temperature structure from profiler and rawinsonde winds. Am. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 129, pp.17291739.
- DelSole, T. and A. Y. Hou (1999) Empirical correction of a dynamical model. Part I: Fundamental issues. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, рр.2533–2545.
- Dudhia, J. A (1993) Nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold Mon.Wea.Rev.,Vol.121, рp.1493–1513.
- Fankhauser, J.C. (1974) The derivation of consistent fields of wind and geopotential height from mesoscale rawinsonde data. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 13, pp. 637-646.
- Ferrant, L., E. Klinker, A. Hollingsworth and B. Hoskins (2002) Diagnosis of systematic forecast errors dependent on flow anomalies. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, рр.1623-1640.
- Hagemann, S., K. Arpe, L. Bengtsson and I. Kirchner (2005) Validation of the hydrological cycle of ERA40. ERA40 Project Report Series, рр.24–42.
- Ivanov, S., C. Simmer, J. Palamarchuk, S. Bachner (2008) Estimation of the systematic error of precipitation and humidity in the MM5 model. Advances in Geosciences, 16, pp.97-107.
- Krishnamurti, T.N., K. Rajendran, T.S.V. Vijava Kumar et al. (2003) Improved skill for the anomaly correlation of geopotential heights at 500 hPa. Monthly Weather Review, 131, pp.1082–1102.
- Leith, C.E. (1978) Objective methods for weather prediction. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 10, pp. 107–128.
- Lynch, P. (1985) Initialization of a barotropic limite-area model using the Laplace transform technique. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 113, pp. 1338–1344.
- Ngar-Cheung Lau, Eero O. Holopainen (1984) Transient eddy forcing of the time-mean flow as identified by geopotential tendencies. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 313–328.
- Tanaka, H.L., Ritsuko Kanohgi and Tetsuzo Yasunari (1996) Recent abrupt intensification of the Northern Polar vortex since 1988. J. Meteor.Soc. of Japan, v.74, №5, pp.947–954.
- Uppala, S.M., P.W. Kållberg, A.J. Simmons,U. Andrae, V. da Costa Bechtold, M. Fiorino, J.K. Gibson, J. Haseler, A. Hernandez, G.A. Kelly, X. Li, K. Onogi, S. Saarinen, N. Sokka, R.P. Allan, E. Andersson, K. Arpe, M.A. Balmaseda, A.C.M. Beljaars, L. van de Berg, J. Bidlot, N. Bormann, S. Caires, F. Chevallier, A. Dethof, M. Dragosavac, M. Fisher, M. Fuentes, S. Hagemann, E. Hólm, B.J. Hoskins, L. Isaksen, P.A.E.M. Janssen, R. Jenne, A.P. McNally, J.-F. Mahfouf, J.-J. Morcrette, N.A. Rayner, R.W. Saunders, P. Simon., A. Sterl, K.E. Trenberth, A. Untch, D. Vasiljevic, P. Viterbo, J. Woollen (2005) The ERA–40 re-analysis. Q.J.R.Meteorol.Soc., Vol. 131, pp. 2961–3012.
- Wilks, D.S. (2005) Effects of stochastic parametrizations in the Lorenz ’96 system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, pp. 389–407.
An analytical theory of the moist convective instability of the rotating thermally stratified viscous and heat-conducting atmospheric layer is created [12,13,16,17]. A conventional parameterization scheme of the heat source caused by the condensation latent heat release, similar CISC parameterization, is used. The theory may be taken as a generalization of the classical theory of the Rayleigh convective instability for a case of the water vapor phase transfers. The theory demonstrates the fundamental difference between the moist convective instability and the Rayleigh instability: it is shown, that the instability region on the plane of the problem parameters c nsists of tw subregions, in the first one loc lized over the space “hurricane like” structures have o o a the largest growth rate, and only in the second one – periodic over the space structures. The theory developed describes a number of peculiarities in the dynamics of clouds, cloud streets and tropical cyclones. It destroys a conventional opinion, that CISC and similar parameterizations can not lead to the development of the localized structures of the tropical cyclones size.
- Asai, T., I. Nakasui (1992) A further study of a preferred mode of cumulus convection in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. J. Met. Soc. Jap., Vol. 60, No. 1, p. 425–431.
- Asai, T., I. Nakasui (1977) On the preferred mode of cumulus convection in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. J. Met. Soc. Jap., Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 151–167.
- Bretherton, C.S. (1987) A theory for nonprecipitatinq moist convection between two parallel plates. Part.1: thermodynamics and “linear” solution. J. Atm. Sci., Vol. 44, No. 14, pp. 1809–1827.
- Delden, A. (1985) On the preferred mode of cumulus convection. Beitr. Phys. Atmos., Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 202–219.
- Huanq, X.Y. (1990) The organization of moist convection by internal gravity waves. Tellus, Vol. 42(a), pp. 270–285.
- Haque, S.M. (1958) The initiation of cyclonic circulation in a vertically unstable air mass. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., Vol. 78, pp. 394–406.
- Kuo, H.L. (1961) Convection in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. Tellus, Vol. 13, pp.441 – 459.
- Lilly, D.K. (1960) On the theory of disturbances in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 88, pp. 1–17.
- Yamasaki, M. (1974) Finite amplitu e convection in a conditionally unstable stratification. J. Met. Soc. Jap., Vol. 52, No. 4, pp. 365–379.
- Yamasaki, M. (1972) Small amplitude convection in a conditionally unstable stratification. J. Met. Soc. Jap., Vol. 50, No. 5, pp. 465–481.
- Гилл А.Е. Спонтанный рост возмущений типа урагана в простой линейной модели, включающей реализацию скрытой теплоты. – Интенсивные атмосферные вихри/ Под ред. Л. Бенгтссона, Дж. Лайтхилла. – М.: Мир, 1985, с. 130–147.
- Калашник М.В., Шмерлин Б.Я. О конвективной неустойчивости влажного насыщенного слоя. – Изв. АН СССР, ФАО, т. 26, № 10, 1990, с.1034–1044.
- Калашник М.В., Шмерлин Б.Я. Спонтанный рост возмущений типа урагана в модели влажной конвекции. – Изв. АН СССР, ФАО, т. 26, № 8, 1990, с.787–793.
- Руткевич П.Б. Методы описания крупномасштабных атмосферных вихрей типа тропического циклона. – Препринт № Пр-2073. Москва, ИКИ РАН, 2002, 61 с.
- Хаин А.П. Математическое моделирование тропических циклонов. – Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1989, 246 с.
- Шмерлин Б.Я., Калашник М.В. Структура растущих локализованных мод в модели влажной конвекции. – Изв. АН СССР, ФАО, т. 25, № 4, 1989, c.4221–4228.
- Шмерлин Б.Я., Калашник М.В. Структура растущих периодических мод в модели влажной конвекции. – Изв. АН СССР, ФАО, т. 25, № 8, 1989, с.810–818.
A test of efficiency of the one-dimensional non-stationary baroclinic non-adiabatic model with “b-l”-closure works, using the special observational archive of FGEW (December 1978 – November 1979), was carried out. Reliability of the received results was verified qualitatively and quantitatively: comparing visually the space–time sections and the seasonal behaviour of the fact and calculated meteorological magnitudes and with the statistical methods (the correlation and difference coefficients) accordingly. Such comparing analysis has showed the good agreement between calculated and observed air temperature, wind speed and direction fields sufficiently.
- Clarke, R.H., A.J. Dyer, R.R. Brook et al. (1979) The Wangara experimental boundary layer data. Div.Meteorol.Phys., CSIRO, Australia, 1979, Tech. Paper, No. 19.
- Cuxart, J., A.A.M. Holtslag, R.J. Beare et al. (2006) Single-column model intercomparison for a stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 118, pp.273–303
- Lettau, H.H., D. Davidson (1957) Exploring the atmosphert’s first mile. Vol. 1,2, Pergamon Press, London–New York–Paris.
- Stensrud, D.J. (2007) Parameterization schemes. Key to understanding numerical weather prediction models. Cambridge University Press, 460 pp.
- Казаков А. Л., Лихачев С. М. Специализированный архив данных наблюдений для задач взаимодействия атмосферы и океана. – В сб.: Математические модели в исследовании динамики океана. – Новосибирск: ВЦ СОАН СССР, 1988. – С.82–95.
- Казаков А.Л., Лыкосов В.Н. О параметризации взаимодействия атмосферы с подстилающей поверхностью при численном моделировании атмосферных процессов. – Труды ЗапСибНИИ, 1982, вып.55, с. 3–20.
- Лыкосов В.Н., Платов Г.А. Численное моделирование пограничного слоя атмосферы над ЭАЗО Куросио. – Математическое моделирование процессов в пограничных слоях атмосферы и океана. – М., ОВМ АНСССР, 1988, с. 66–93.
- Сперанский Л.С., Пушистов П.Ю., Гутман Л.Н. О гидродинамических методах локального прогноза погоды. – Метеорология и гидрология, 1977, №2, с. 15–23
- Толокнова Т. А., Сперанский Л. С., Контарев Г. Р., Пушистов П. Ю. Численные эксперименты по локальному прогнозу температуры и ветра в пограничном слое атмосферы. – Труды ЗСРНИГМИ, 1978, вып. 41, с. 52–57.
In the paper the general atmospheric circulation model sensitivity to the surface characteristics changes in the urban areas is analyzed. It was shown that surface temperature in the certain areas got closer to the climatic values in the experiments taking into account city surface features. Later on we will change the city parameters in other ways for the areas where no improvement was obtained.
- Курбаткин Г.П., Дегтярев А.И., Фролов А.В. Спектральная модель атмосферы, инициализация и база данных для численного прогноза погоды. – СПб, Гидрометеоиздат, 1994, 184 с.
- Оке Т.Р. Климаты пограничного слоя. – Ленинград. Гидрометеоиздат, 1982, 292 с.
- Левеллин Р.А., Вашингтон У.М. Региональные и глобальные аспекты. В сборнике статей Энергия и Климат/ Под ред. Г. В. Грузы, С. С. Хмелевцова. – Ленинград Гидрометеоздат, 1981, с. 99–226.
- Рубинштейн К.Г., Егорова Е.Н. Оценка воспроизведения годового хода характеристик атмосферы и суши моделью общей циркуляции атмосферы. – Труды Гидрометцентра России, 2000, вып. 333, с. 41–98.
- Рубинштейн К.Г., Игнатов Р.Ю., Егорова Е.Н. О связи температуры поверхности океана и характеристик азиатского муссона. – Метеорология и Гидрология, 2001, № 8, с.18–26.
- Рубинштейн К.Г., Егорова Е.Н. Влияние межгодовой аномалии температуры поверхности океана на изменчивость атмосферы (Результаты численных экспериментов с моделью Общей Циркуляции Атмосферы Гидрометцентра России). – Метеорология и Гидрология, 2002, № 2.
- Best, M.J. (2005) Representing urban areas within operational numerical weather prediction models. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, pp. 91–109.
- Best, M.J., С.S.B. Grimmond, M. G. Villani (2006) Evaluation of the urban tile in mosses using surface energy balance observations. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 118, pp. 503 -525.
- Menglin, J., J. Marshall Shepherd (2005) Inclusion of urban landscape in a climate model. How can satellite data help? American Meteorological Society (BAMS), May 2005, pp. 681-689.
- Oke, T.R. (1982) The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Quart. J. R Met. Soc., 1982, 108, pp. 1–24.
- Rosenzweig, C., W.D. Solecki (2001) Climate change and a global city. Learning from New York. Environment, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 8–18.
The three-dimension diagnostic and prognostic models of frontal cloud systems have been used for investigation of atmospheric phenomena connected with atmospheric fronts and their cloud systems that caused the damage events. Case of high convective cell caused aircrafts accident (August of 2006) will be presented in detail. It is found that is plausible to assume that crash was caused by conditions as follow: violent development of chimney clouds on the way of aircraft; cells of the strong vertical motions that can make the flight out of control; zones of instability that caused strong turbulence; chimney convective clouds with crystal tops and mixed layers that caused riming of aircraft.
- Kryvobok, O., L. Savchenko (2007) Analysis of satellite data on 22 August 2006 (plane-crash over eastern part of Ukraine). 4 th European Conference on Severe Storms, 10 – 14 September 2007, Trieste, Italy.
- Pirnach, A. (1998) Construction and application of the various numerical models for study the cloud dynamics and structure of the frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Res., pp. 45–47.
- Пірнач Г.M., Заболоцька Т.М., Підгурська В.М., Шпиталь Т.М. Чисельні та експериментальні дослідження фронтальних хмарних систем, які зумовили небезпечні явища на Україні. – Наук. праці УкрНДГМІ, 2002, вип. 250, с. 42 -60.
- Пірнач Г.М., Білокобильский А.В. Чисельне моделювання літніх фронтальних хмар. – Наук. праці УкрНДГМ, 2000, вип. 248, с. 5–21.
- Пірнач Г.М. Моделювання фронтальних хмар із сильними опадами для рівнинних та гірських рельєфів. – Наук. праці УкрНДГМІ, 2005, вип. 25, с. 37–50.
- Пірнач Г.М., Шпиг В.М. Моделювання потужних конвективних хмар – Геоінформатика, 2007, № 4, с. 86–94.
3-D forecasting microphysical models of frontal cloud systems were adapted to extreme conditions during the tornado activity. Models with and without including of a complex relief developed in UHRI have been used for theoretical interpretation of the investigated phenomena. Conditions of formation and evolution of the deep convective cells, strong updrafts and downdrafts, strong rotation during passing of tornados over the north part of the Crimea on July 22, 2002 were investigated in this paper. Series of numerical experiments have been carried out with aim to research the key parameters caused features of development of dangerous events and their activity.
- Лєсков Б.Н., Пірнач Г.М., Сирота М.В., Шпиг В.М. Смерчі у Криму 22 липня 2002 року. – Наук. пр. УкрНДГМІ, 2007, вип.256, с. 75–91.
- Матвеев Л.Т. Правила качественного анализа условий вихреобразования в атмосфере и некоторые результаты их проверки. – Метеорология и гидрология, 1955, №4, с. 28–30.
- Паламарчук Л.В., Пирнач А.М. Исследование внутренней структуры фронтальных зон при помощи трехмерных полуэмпирических моделей. – Тр. УкрНИГМИ, 1992, вып.243, с. 107–124.
- Пірнач Г.М. Моделювання фронтальних хмар із сильними опадами для рівнинних та гірських рельєфів. – Наук. праці УкрНДГМІ, 2005, вип.251, с. 37–50.
- Ромов А.И. Об образовании смерчей. – Метеорология и гидрология, 1986, №5, с. 14 -22.
- Pirnach, A. (1998) Construction and application of the various numerical models for study the cloud dynamics and structure of the frontal rainbands. J. Atmos. Res., pp. 45–47.
Within a framework of the hydromechanical model (HMM) of a tropical cyclone (TC) motion, the
“queasyprognostic” calculations of TC’s movement are carried out during the 2001 and 2003 year seasons. A
TC motion is defined by a large scale wind field and TC intensity. “Queasyprognostic” means, that an objective
analyses of a large scale wind field and an objective analyses of a TC intensity are used during an all life cycle
of a TC. The model contains parameters describing a size of a TC and a distribution of a tangential wind of a
TC. It is shown, that an appropriate choice for everyone TC of meanings of these parameters (constants) during
a “beforeprognostic” period, provides enough good agreement between an actual and calculated tracks of
various types for a “queasyprognostic” period up to 9 days. A duration of a “beforeprognostic” period in the
case of a real prognostic calculations corresponds to a period, for which information about a privies TC motion
is available. Thus, model parameters may be enough correctly defined during a “beforeprognostic” period. The
HMM may be taken as a base for a development of the new track prediction model.
- Chan, J.C.L., (2005) The physics of tropical cyclone motion. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 37, pp. 99–128.
- Chan, J.C., R. Williams. (1987) Analytical and numerical studies of the Beta-Effect in tropical cyclone motion. Part 1: Zero mean flow. J. Atmos. Sci., Vol.44, No. 9, pp. 1257–1265.
- Dong, K., C.J. Neumann (1986) The relationship between tropical cyclone motion and environmental geostrophic flows. Mon. Wea. Rev., Vol. 114, No. 1, pp. 115–122.
- Jones, R.W. (1977) Vortex motion in a tropical cyclone model. J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 34, pp. 1518–1527.
- Kuo, H.L. (1969) Motion of vortices and circulating cylinder in shear flow with friction. J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 26, pp. 390–398.
- Петров А.Г. Реакции, действующие на малое твёрдое тело в плоскопараллельном вихревом потоке. – ДАН СССР, т. 238, № 1, 1978, c. 33–35.
- Хаин А.П. Математическое моделирование тропических циклонов. – Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1989, 246 с.
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During the last decade a new field of atmospheric modelling – the chemical weather forecasting (CWF) – is quickly developing and growing. However, in the most of the current studies and publications this field is considered in a simplified concept of the off-line running chemical transport models with operational NWP data as a driver. A new concept and methodology considering the chemical weather as two-way interacted meteorological weather and chemical composition of the atmosphere is suggested and discussed. The on-line integration of mesometeorological models and atmospheric aerosol and chemical transport models gives a possibility to utilize all meteorological 3D fields in the chemical transport model at each time step and to consider feedbacks of air pollution (e.g. urban aerosols) on meteorological processes/climate forcing and further on the chemical composition. This very promising way for future atmospheric simulation systems (as a part of and a step to Earth System Modelling) will lead to a new generation of models for meteorological, environmental and chemical weather forecasting. The methodology how to realise the suggested integrated CWF concept is demonstrated on example of the European Enviro–HIRLAM integrated system. Importance of different feedback mechanisms for CWF is also discussed in the paper.
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Adaptation of an open numerical weather model ММ5 to geographical conditions of Ukraine is executed and the preliminary estimation of success forecasting of spatial pressure and temperature fields is analyzed for Ukraine territory and areas of nuclear power plants. Interaction of model ММ5 and diffusion model “LEDI” provides necessary operational efficiency in an estimation of distribution of radioactive emissions from the nuclear power plant.
- Brown, R.B. Soil Texture.SL29. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
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- Методические указания по проведению производственных (оперативных) испытаний новых и усовершенствованных методов гидрометеорологических и гелиографических прогнозов. РД 52.27.284–91 – Комитет гидрометеорологии при Кабинете Министров СССР, Москва, 1991, 150 с.
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Recent research suggests that the evolution of the stable ABL is still poorly understood. Certain advances in theory and modeling of the stable ABL (SABL) are assessed. Inclined strongly SABL is addressed. We show that a relatively thin and strongly SABL, as recently modeled using an improved “z-less” mixing length, can be successfully treated; the result is quietly extended to other types of SABL. Finally, a generalized “z-less” mixing length is proposed.
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A method based on the evolution of the height of the convective boundary layer that has been successfully used for aggregation of sensible heat and momentum fluxes is here applied for aggregation of CO 2 fluxes over Zealand in Denmark. Inputs for the method are vertical profile measurements of CO 2 concentrations, standard measurements of the CO 2 concentration near the ground and successive radio-soundings. The aggregated fluxes of CO 2 represent a combination of agricultural and forest surface conditions.
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The extraction and processing of minerals from surface mines and quarries can produce significant fugitive emissions as a result of site activities such as blasting, unpaved road haulage, loading, primary crushing and stockpiling. Uncontrolled fugitive dust emissions can present serious environmental, health, safety and operational issues impacting both site personnel and the wider community. Simulation technology is finding increasing use for the purposes of advanced warning of potential problem emissions in addition to providing a basis for future planning applications where demonstrable compliance with regulatory requirements are necessary. The initial re-entrainment and subsequent dispersion of fugitive dust presents a process complicated by the combination of the in pit topography, the surrounding natural topography and the dynamic nature of emissions from these sites. These factors impact upon the accuracy and reliability of the conventional Gaussian plume based computational prediction methods employed for regulatory compliance and IPPC applications. This paper proposes that optimal modelling of open pit emissions may be more accurately achieved by the use of a multi-scale predictive modelling approach utilising computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methods for high resolution near source dispersion and conventional Gaussian based methods for far field dispersion modelling.
This paper presents a numerical based flow and dispersion analysis of a typical UK based open pit utilising CFD in conjunction with a conventional Gaussian plume based methods. Typical operating emissions and meteorological conditions are obtained from long term data records collected at a large operating quarry extraction operation in the UK. Emissions are modelled using a Lagrangian framework within conventional atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) profiles expressed as functions of turbulence and velocity parameters under assumed neutral conditions. Results are presented in terms of the impact of site topography on in pit retention as compared to the Gaussian based method.
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The spatial and temporal variability of the meteorological (for temperature and wind), concentration and deposition fields resulted from hypothetical accidental releases occurred in the metropolitan area is evaluated on an example of the urban area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Dependence of these fields on the temporal variability of meteorological variables in the lower surface layer was estimated as a function of modified parameters.
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A numerical simulation of flows in urban canopy is important from the view point of emergency preparedness and development of new schemes for parameterization of atmospheric boundary layer in NWP. This study performs the analysis of spatial averaged properties of flow around different urban like obstacles.
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We have applied the MM5-CMAQ model to simulate the high concentrations in PM10 and PM2.5 during a winter episode (2003) in Central Europe. The selected period is January, 15 -April, 6, 2003. Values of daily mean concentrations up to 75 gm -3 are found on average of several monitoring stations in Northern Germany. This model evaluation shows that there is an increasing underestimation of primary and secondary species with increasing observed PM10. The high PM levels were observed under stagnant weather conditions, that are difficult to simulate. The MM5 is the PSU/NCAR non-hydrostatic meteorological model and CMAQ is the chemical dispersion model developed by EPA (US) used in this simulation with CBM-V. The TNO emission inventory was used to simulate the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations with the MM5-CMAQ model. The results show a substantial underestimation of the elevated values in February and March, 2003. An increase on the PM2.5 emissions (five times) produces the expected results and the correlation coefficient increases slightly. The WRF/CHEM model results show an excellent performance with correct emission database. The main difference between MM5-CMAQ simulations and WRF/CHEM is the MOSAIC particle models and the “classical” MADE/SORGAM particle model used in WRF/CHEM and CMAQ respectively. MOSAIC seems to make a better job than MADE particle model for this particular episode.
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The model estimation and analysis of existent hypothetical variants of extreme accidents in utilizing atomic submarines with radioactivity leakage to the atmosphere or see surface have been performed. The consequence of air pollutions for such accidents, by estimate, can found at the distance not far from the source. Unlike situation with pollution transport by atmospheric way, significant radionuclide concentrations after falling into the water surface may become a problem for areas of water at long distances from the place of accident.
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Solution of the 3D turbulent diffusion equation, based on the alternating direction method, is proposed. The advantage of this scheme is its physical validity and high stability. The numerical algorithm, developed, allows including the computing unit of air pollution dispersion in the 3D unsteady boundary layer of the atmosphere.
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