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References
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- Baisholanov S.S. Assessment of heat supply of vegetation period within the northern grain-seeding territory of Kazakhstan
- Siryak N. Soil and сlimatic resources of till of millet in Ukraine
- Dronova, O.O. and J.O. Kuznetsova Effect of forestry of the southern Ukraine on the regulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- Polevoy A., Bozko L., Dronova E., Borovskaya G. Major trends in agro-climatic conditions of winter wheat growing in the Ukrainian part of the sub-basin of the Danube Delta
- Polevoy A., Bozhko L., Barsukova E., Dronova E. Agro-climatic conditions for growing spring barley in the Ukrainian part of the sub-basin of the Danube Delta in a changing climate
- Polevoy A., Bozko L., Dronova E., Borovskaya G. Estimation of influence of change of climate on macroclimatic recourse and productivity of winter wheat in Lugansk Region.
- Polevoy A., Bozko L., Dronova E. Effect of agro-climatic conditions on the productivity of maize under climate change in the east steppe of Ukraine
Papers
In the paper it is outlined the main methodological positions and the results of the approbation of new approaches to the integrated assessment of the potential of crop yields.
There are considered the theoretical foundations of a joint assessment of the biological, ecological and anthropogenic components of the yield potential of agricultural crops which are based on the ecosystem concept and the mathematical model “Weather-Crop Yield” developed by V. P. Dmytrenko. In the considered approaches the peculiarities of the influence of various environmental factors on the formation of crop yields are determined by indicators of various potential yields – general, climatic and trend (agrotechnological). Each type of yield potential can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the conditions of field crop growing for each factor taken into account, as well as the optimality criterion in the agrometeorological adaptation strategies and also as a criterion for the degree of sensitivity of the yield level to the conditions of crops cultivating.
The developed approaches are tested on the example of estimation of long-term dynamics of winter wheat yield potential in Ukraine. According to the results of the evaluation of different factors of the potential of the productivity of winter wheat for the periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2010 the dominant importance of organizational and technological processes in comparison with the contribution of changes of agroclimatic conditions has been determined in both periods.
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- Tooming Kh. G. Method of standard yields. Vestn. s.-kh. nauki – Proceedings of agricultural science, 1982, no. 3 (306), pp. 89-94. (In Russian)
- Dmytrenko V. P. Pohoda, klimat i urozhay pol’ovykh kul’tur [Weather, climate and crop yields]. Kyiv: Nika-Tsentr, 2010. 620 p.
- Dmytrenko V. P. Principles and means of determination of potential crop yields on ecological and geographical bases. Nauk. pratsi UkrNDHMI – Scientific Works of UHMI, 2005, vol. 254, pp. 9-29. (In Ukrainian)
- Investigation of the influence of regional climatic changes in Ukraine on the properties of agroecosystems and mechanisms of their adaptation for intermittent variability of agrometeorological conditions and adverse events. Re-port about bresearch work, № 01124004652, 2012 (In Ukrainian, unpublished)
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The article in question describes the history of development of agrometeorological service activities for agricultural production from the days of Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov to the present. It is pointed out that the agrometeorological service experienced especially rapid development in the second half of the twentieth century. Establishment of the Department of Agricultural Meteorology in 1953 at the Ukrainian Research Hydrometeorological Institute stimulated development of agrometeorological research in Ukraine. Three stages can be distinguished in researches of this department on the influence of weather conditions on yield formation. At the first stage (1953 – 1963) generalization and systematization of the materials for study into agrohydrological soil properties were performed. At the second stage (1963 – 1973) a working hypothesis on the scheme for taking account of the influence of weather conditions on the vegetative mass increase was formulated, and a correlation analysis of crop productivity with hydrometeorological elements was carried out. A huge amount of work on research into the regime of photosynthetically active radiation and crop productivity as well as into the phytoclimate of the sown areas has been performed. The third stage (since 1974) is the stage of formation of a basic model for crop productivity and development of methods for forecasting productivity.
The agrometeorological service activities for agricultural production at every level is imple-mented in accordance with the approved annual plans for hydrometeorological activity of organizations. A basis for the agrometeorological provision is formed by the materials of meteorological and agrometeorological observations which are conducted at 163 meteorological stations throughout the country.
The Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine represents the country in the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an agency of the United Nations Organization (UNO). Leading agrometeorology experts take part in the activity of WMO Commission for Agricultural Meteorology (CAgM).
Relying on the scientifically substantiated methods of agrometeorological assessment, forecasts and recommendations, the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center and the regional centres for Hydrometeorology provide all the agricultural industries of the Agroindustrial complex with relevant information.
Introduction. The existing agroclimatic handbooks in Kazakhstan are outdated both in informational and technological senses. Therefore necessity of agroclimatic resources reassessment arose.
Purpose. Research of heat supply of vegetation period within the Northern grain-seeding territory of Kazakhstan.
Methods. Data of meteorological stations for period of 1981-2014 were used. Methods of statistic and climatologic processing of data were applied. The agroclimatic maps were drafted using ArcGIS 10.1 software.
Results. The article describes a thermal regime, duration and heat supply of vegetation period within the territory of 4 northern oblasts of Kazakhstan. The territory of Northern Kazakhstan under study has continental climate. Average annual air temperature at the area under study increases from the North to the South from 1.8 °C to 5.3°C. Average July air temperature at the area changes from 18.5 °C to 23.6 °C and average January air temperature – from minus 12.8 °C to minus 17.4 °C. Duration of vegetation period for early spring crops constitutes 172-193 days, for late spring crops – 136-162 days and for warmweather crops –89-124 days. Daily range of air temperature is 11.4-14.7 °C and that means rather high quality of grain. Sum of active temperatures exceeding 10 °C increases from the North to the South from 2100 °C to 3400 °C. Vegetation period is 90% provided by sum of active temperatures exceeding 10 °C within the range of 2000-2900 °C. Maps of heat supply and vegetation period duration were also drafted.
Conclusions. In the north of the territory under study thermal sources satisfy demands of soft and common sorts of wheat but are not enough for sunflower and maize, in the south they are enough for wheat, all sorts of sunflower and middle-late sorts of maize.
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Estimation of the generalized characteristic of soil-climatic terms millet of tillingl and its productivity is given.
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The article describes Tsyurupinsk Forest Hunting Range as the most powerful natural ecosystem having an effect on regulation of technology-related processes, namely on reduction of carbon dioxide stress on the environment. Needles of Scots pine and Crimean pine serve as the object of research. Needles were selected from pine trees occupying the largest areas of growth with regard to age class. The studies were conducted using the gasometrical method. The chosen method is based on measuring the rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by needles. Measurement of areas of examined portions of pine trees took place as well. The role of forests for dry steppe subzone of Ukraine was also determined. Data of photosynthesis process occurring in needles of coniferous woods prevailing with respect to areas of growth are demonstrated. The analysis for study of dynamics of carbon dioxide absorption in September – November of 2015 is presented. The most favourable periods of the process of absorption of CO2 are described with a certain decline noted. It has been proved that intensity of absorption of carbon dioxide by needles of Crimean pine is almost twice more than absorption of carbon dioxide by needles of Scots pine.
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They are estimated the change of agro climatic resources in the Ukrainian part of the Danube Delta sub-basin in 2011-2030 years and 2030 – 2050 years due to climate change, in a compared with the base period 1986 – 2005 years. For the assessment of climate change in Ukraine A1B scenario, the regional climate model MPI-M-REMO, a global model – CHAM5-r3 have been used. The evaluation of the heat and humidity of the growing season, and evaluation of the changes of agro-climatic conditions of winter wheat in relation to climate change has been done.
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The estimation of change climatic recourse of the Lugansk region was examined in 2011-2030 and 2031-2050 years in connection with the changes of climate in compression by base period 1970-2010 years. Using models was assessed photosynthesis production and vibrations of the productivity of winter wheat in the conditions of change of climate.
- Польовий А.М. Моделювання продуктивності агроекосистем. //Вісник Одеського державного екологічного університету. – 2005. – Вип. 1. – С. 79-86.
- Полевой А.Н.. Моделирование фотосинтеза зеленого листа у растений типа С3 и С4 при изменении концентрации СО2 в атмосфере. // Проблемы экологического мониторинга и моделирования экосистем. – М.: :ИГКЭ. – т. 23. – 2010. – С. 297-315.
- Nakićenović, N., and R. Swart (eds.), 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 599 pp.
With models of the productive was assessed photosynthetic productivity and fluctuation of maize yield in east steppe of Ukraine. Were developed recommendations on adaptation technologies for growing corn and improve the conditions of formation of efficiency of climate change.
- Польовий А.М. Моделювання продуктивності агроекосистем. //Вісник Одеського державного екологічного університету, 2005. – Вип. 1. – С. 79-86.
- Полевой А.Н.. Моделирование фотосинтеза зеленого листа у растений типа С3 и С4 при изменении концентрации СО2 в атмосфере. // Проблемы экологического мониторинга и моделирования экосистем. – М.: ИГКЭ. – т. 23. – 2010. – С. 297-315.
- Nakićenović, N., and R. Swart (eds.), 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 599 pp.