In the article main nitrogen dioxide emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city for time period 1985 – 2012, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceeding. The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide observed in the central part of the city in some months the warm season. The frequency of cases exceeding of MAC in the air usually exceeds 50% and in the warm season 2012 average concentration of NO2 in the air has been very high and frequency of exceeding of MAC reached 100% in almost all monitoring stations.
Studies show that in the warm season in the air of Kyiv regularly observed abnormally high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, which is a precursor of photochemical smog, and under favorable meteorological conditions will result in the formation of this negative phenomenon in the atmosphere of the city.
The transport of sand by wind is a potent erosion force, creates sand dunes and ripples, and loads the atmosphere with suspended dust aerosols. This article presents a short review of the physics of wind-driven sand. Specifically, we review the physics of saltation, the formation and development of sand dunes and ripples. We also discuss some classes of the governing equations which describe the physics of wind-driven sand and dune formation.
This paper opens a series of publications, devoted to review of new results of the original nuclear-geophysical researches at the OSENU mathematics department and its laboratories (computational and quan-tum mathematics and mechanics, environmental radioactivity, nuclear geophysics). Primarily the first mate-rial will focus on fundamental issues that constitute the theoretical basis of the further applied nuclear–geophysical research. It is shortly presented a modern approach to computing the key parameters of the beta decay processes. There are discussed the cooperative electron β-nuclear processes in atoms and molecules, including the excitation, ionization, electronic rearrangement, induced by the nuclear reactions and β-decay. A few factors are taken into account: changing the integration limits in the Fermi function integral, energy corrections for different chemical substances, and the possibility of the bound β-decay or other exotic decay channels.
The several of finite-difference schemes in flat and spatial statement of the dumping processes have been observed. Verification of numerical experiments and model’s calibration is the important phases of mathematical simulation. The results of calculation by fundamental solution are the single corrected source for numerical simulation without data in situ. The several of finite-difference schemes in flat and spatial statement of equation for unsteady turbulent diffusion have been proposed.
The comparison of numerical simulation with calculations based on the fundamental formulas and also with data in situ was done. It was established that the explicit finite-difference scheme is more preferably for the short time intervals.
The results of numerical simulation by this scheme correspond with calculation by fundamental formula for the flat statement if coefficient Courant = 0, 25 and using comparison of calculations with time shift equal the step of the finite-difference schemes.
The deviation of numerical experiment result from the direct investigations is not more then 10 – 15% under condition of small current velocity and small windy waves for the short distances from the dumping place. It was established that for these conditions are possible to calculate the horizontal coefficient of turbulent diffusion by Karaushev’s formula.
We present firstly a new whole technique of analysis, processing and forecasting environmental radioactivity dynamics, which has been earlier developed for the atmospheric pollution dynamics analysis and investigation of chaotic feature sin dynamics of the typical hydroecological systems. The general formalism include: a). A general qualitative analysis of dynamical problem of the environmental radioactivity dynamics (including a qualitative analysis from the viewpoint of ordinary differential equations, the “Arnold-analysis”); b) checking for the presence of a chaotic (stochastic) features and regimes (the Gottwald-Melbourne’s test; the method of correlation dimension); c) Reducing the phase space (choice of the time delay, the definition of the embedding space by methods of correlation dimension algorithm and false nearest neighbor points); d). Determination of the dynamic invariants of a chaotic system (Computation of the global Lyapunov dimension λα; determination of the Kaplan-York dimension dL and average limits of predictability Prmax on the basis of the advanced algorithms; e) A non-linear prediction (forecasting) of an dynamical evolution of the system. The last block indeed includes new (in a theory of environmental radioactivity dynamics) methods and algorithms of nonlinear prediction such as methods of predicted trajectories, stochastic propagators and neural networks modelling, renorm-analysis with blocks of the polynomial approximations, wavelet-expansions etc.
It is presented a qualitative overview of the new conceptual approaches, which are based on the provisions of the chaos theory, dynamical systems theory, fractal geometry, analysis of Lyapunov exponents, and others, to problems of modeling the propagation of pollution impurities in the atmosphere of industrial cities and predicting the evolutionary dynamics. We summarize the main ideas of these approaches with emphasis on the analysis of time series of concentrations of pollution impurities in the atmosphere, as well as an analysis that shows that the chaotic regime of the time evolution of the characteristics of deterministic dynamical systems, in particular, the application of ecological systems is, in fact, a non-linear phenomenon which in principle can not be described on the basis of the classical linear regular-dynamic models.
Intense precipitation event happened in Ukraine on 21-27 July 2008 leading to extreme flash floods in the Ukrainian Carpathians which are characterized by the return period of approximately 50 years. Besides favourable synoptic conditions leading to quasi-stationary low situated over Balkans and South-West part of Ukraine precipitation during this event was intensified by mountains. This lead to formation of the specific precipitation patterns in the Ukrainian Carpathians which was not adequately resolved by the existing measurement network. The purpose of this publication is application of the mesoscale meteorological model WRF with high resolution (1 km) for reconstruction of precipitation during flood in July, 2008 in the Ukrainian Carpathians and evaluation of the simulated results against measurements.
Calculation of precipitation during the period of catastrophic summer flood in 2008 at the territory of Ukrainian Carpathians had been carried out with the use of meteorological model WRF. The precipitation field was well simulated for the period of maximum floods (July, 25-th) as compared to precipitation data measured at meteorological stations. However the second and lower peak of precipitation which happened during July, 27-th was underestimated by WRF. The reason of such underestimation is possibly the influence of boundary conditions on simulated results. The precipitation field formed during July, 25-th is elongated along the main ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians and precipitation maximums on that date, reaching up to 70 mm/3 hours are situated above foothills of the Carpathians. On July, 27-th the precipitation maximums are shifted south-eastward, close to the boundary of the computational domain. The vertical crossections of the calculated meteorological fields demonstrate characteristic system of gravitational waves occurring in flow above mountains and sequence of convective cells situated mostly above the windward (north-eastern) hills and coinciding with the precipitation maximums. The depth of some of the convective cells reaches 10 km, which is supported by satellite data. The indirect evaluation of the calculated precipitation field is performed using the measured water discharge data at the watersheds of the rivers in Carpathians. For the period of maximum flood the relative precipitation amount at each watershed (over total precipitation amount at all water-sheds) appears to be approximately equal to relative water discharge of the corresponding watershed.
In conclusion we could state that the precipitation field was well simulated by WRF for the period of maximum floods (25 July). High quality of simulated results is supported by comparison of the calculated and measured precipitation as well as with indirect juxtaposition of the calculated integral precipitation at the watersheds of Carpathian rivers and water discharges in the corresponding river outlets. The calculated results demonstratre that existing measurement network is too sparse to capture the details of the orographically enhanced precipitation field. The scarcity of the measurement network makes it difficult to evaluate integral and maximum characteristics of precipitation happening in the Ukrainian Carpathians.
Directions for further research should include usage of the coupled mesoscale meteorological-distributed hydrological model chain for calculation and forecasting of meteorological and hydrological characteristics of floods.
Introduction. During the last decades in connection with rapid development of numerical methods of weather forecasting insufficient attention is given physical and statistical regularities. Nevertheless, climate change and its implications for the various sectors of the economy requires information about the probability characteristics of meteorological variables and phenomena, including wind anomaly. In the article it was considered experience of application Johnson′s distributions to equalize time series of surface wind speed in the meteorological station of Odessa-port in the central months of the seasons. Were found a number of regularities that take into account not only the seasonal and diurnal variation of parameters this distribution, but also the impact of physical and geographical conditions of the location meteorological station on the formation of surface wind regime.
The problem of energetics of atmospheric processes is one of the important problem in the modern meteorology. Distribution of the sources and sinks of energy, especially near the surface, also turbulent transport and transformation of energy reflect all features of the processes generated in the atmospheric boundary layer, their behavior and intensity.
Global climate change has provoked an active development in modern methods relating to the prediction of spatiotemporal hydrometeorological fields. Numerical modeling of nearest-future climatic changes allows to generate strategies of development for different areas of economic activity. The paper aims to assess the expected air temperature and precipitation features in Ukraine considering different scenarios of climatic change. The modeling future changes of air temperature and precipitation were carried out using the A1B and A2 scenarios of climatic change. The outcomes of regional climate model ECHAM5 from ENSEMBLES Project were used as initial data. It was revealed that the air temperature will gradually increase in most of Ukrainian regions. Moreover highest air temperature will be recorded in South-ern Ukraine during 2031–2050. The analysis of linear trends for 2031–2050 showed that the air temperature for the scenario A1B will exhibit a tendency to the decrease of temperature. However, the annually mean temperature in 2031–2050 for the ‘moderate’ scenario A1B will be higher than for the ‘hard’, in terms of greenhouse gases concentrations, scenario A2. The annual precipitation in Ukraine, both for the A1B and A2 scenario, will slightly increase toward the 2050 with the exception of Southern Ukraine. Also, the highest annual precipitation will be registered in the western part of Ukraine, and lowest – in the southern one. The paper can be expanded to the analysis of future dangerous weather phenomena depending on the changes of air temperature and precipitation.
In the paper we present the results of application of a new advanced non-stationary theory of global mechanisms in atmospheric low-frequency processes, the balance of the angular momentum of the Earth, teleconnection effects and atmospheric radio waveguides, for the Pacific ocean region for different forms of the atmosphere circulation. The theory is realized and implemented into Microsystem Technology “GeoMath” and focused on the discovery and testing of new predictors for long-term and very long-forecasts of low-frequency atmospheric processes. The PC experiments have demonstrated an effectiveness of a new advanced theory in application to modeling balance of angular momentum, the atmospheric moisture turnover in relation to the genesis of tropospheric radio waveguides and succession processes of atmospheric circulation forms (teleconnection, front-genesis) in order to develop new practical sensors in long-term forecasting and modeling of low-frequency atmospheric processes. It is determined a link of tropospheric waveguide with atmospheric moisture circulation and, accordingly, with the shape of the atmospheric circulation over the position of the front sections of (atmospheric fronts as the main drives moisture). Atmospheric moisture cycle is linked with such typical low-frequency process as the angular momentum balance; the latter accounts violation of the atmosphere rotating balance with the Earth.
The place and role of meteorological service for solving problems of population protection against the impact of natural disasters, technological accidents and modern means of destruction (fires, explosions, and terrorist actions) are considered.
The shortcomings of the calculation technique and the radar method considered for computing of average wind and explosion (nuclear object accident) power are shown. The ways for solving this problem are developed. The importance and relevance of solving problems related to meteorological service for headquarters of the Civil Defense and the Ministry of Emergency Situations are emphasized, including the necessity of problem solving due to implementation of automatical data computation for meteorological service, development and installation of high-speed meteorological data processing facilities.
Proposals to improve the collection, processing and analysis of meteorological and upper-air data required for prediction and assessment of radiation and biological (bacteriological) environment in order to protect the population and the troops are presented.
Climatic changes that take place during the last decades entailed a global rise in temperature of climate. In connection with it more active the methods of prognostication of global changes develop and them possible consequences, a modern scientific association is for the estimation of future changes mainly uses four threads of story, for each of witch different scenarios were developed witch the use different conceptions of design. In the offered article this article offers comparative analysis of the thermal regime figures from 1986 to 2005, and outlines expectations for their change, calculated for the territory of Ukraine, 2011-2050, in accordance with three scenarios of climate change: GFDL-30%, A1B, and A2. Among these expectations are earlier dates for air temperatures transitioning between ranges in the spring, as well as later dates in the fall, general increase in mean air temperatures, growth in temperature sums, and changes in temperature amplitudes.
An area of the Odessa oblast includes 26 administrative districts with developed agricultural traditions. The productivity of main grain crops in the Odessa oblast comprises several million tons every year. Annually, the vegetable residues in the Odessa oblast upon harvesting make a significant amount. Biomass includes both nutritional and energy potential, which requires new approach in the storage and treatment. At the same time, the current problems with high cost of the traditional energy sources create various obstacles in the fields of agricultural activity.
Recently, considerable attention is focused on the process of biological conversion of the biomass to methane. Rising segment of biomass application in the energy strategies all over the world implies the need for greater accumulation of biomass resources to meet the demand.
The purpose of this publication is an assessment of vegetable biomass amount in the districts of the Odessa oblast, potential of nutrients and biogas energy generated from the biomass. The analysis corresponds to the search of new alternative energy resources and the rational use of organic biomass.
The agricultural biomass residues are the resource category with relatively high regeneration capacity. This property can be used for producing nutrient-rich organic fertilizers and high-energy biogas to compensate the traditional fossil fuel dependence.
The availability of agricultural biomass resources was found to demonstrate the great perspectives for the bioenergy sector, first of all in view of the adopted waste management strategies.
An important element of climate change is to assess changes in agro-climatic growing conditions of crops and the impact of these changes on their performance. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector of Ukraine’s economy to fluctuations and climate change. Given the inertial nature of agriculture and the dependence of the efficiency on the weather, now need to make timely and adequate solutions to complex problems caused by climate change. Due to the expected increase in air temperature of the Northern Hemisphere food security Ukraine will largely depend on how effectively adapting agriculture to future climate change. This includes advance assessment of the impact of the expected climate change on agro-climatic conditions for growing crops. Potatoes – perennial, herbaceous, plant, but in nature is treated as an annual plant, so that the life cycle, beginning with germination and ending with the formation of bubbles and the formation of mature tubers, is one growing season. Potato is one of the most important crops grown and diversified use in almost all parts of our country. But the main focus areas of potatoes in Polesie and Forest-steppe.
We consider the relative performance of the photosynthetic productivity of potato and agro-climatic conditions for growing potatoes for the period 1986 to 2005, and expected their changes calculated by the climate change scenarios A1B and A2 for the period 2011 to 2050 in Eastern and Western Forest-Steppe. We consider the agro-meteorological and agro-climatic conditions in which there may be a maximum performance of potato.
Climatic terms of Ukraine of material well-being by moisture is qualify cater for thereceipt of stable and high harvests of agricultural cultures. In this connection extraordinarily important is a study of modern dynamics of the mode of precipitations and its estimation on the 30-50 nearest years. The mode of fallouts, evaporation, is evaporated, deficit of evaporation, a coefficient moistening of G.Т Selyaninov is examined in comparison for periods: 1986 -2005 years (base period) and expected after three scenarios of changes of climate of their values in a period from 2011 to 2030 and from 2031 to 2050 years. The expected common increase of annual amount of fallouts and increase of unevenness of their distribution are marked on the seasons of year in all soil-climatic zones of Ukraine, except South Steppe. Reduction of amount of fallouts is in South Steppe, especially in a spring-summer period, will cause the increase of droughtyness of climate.
It is considered that the organic substance of plant residues as well as one of the soil are subdivided into two active compartments and an inert compartment: resistant plant material – RPM, decomposition plant material – DPM, inert organic material – IOM are distinguished, as well as pools of microbiological biomass, BIO, and humus, HUM. All major processes of C and N turnover are included in a model; their intensity is described by a first-order equation. CO2 and CH4 emission under decomposition is studied. Main processes of nitrogen form transformation are simulated under the influence of environmental factors: ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, immobilization, nitrogen absorption by the plant rootage, carry-over of nitrates outside the soil layer of 0 – 50 cm during moisture infiltration, N2O emission under nitrification and denitrification.
Problem. Global climate changes, which are observed over the last decades, influencing the formation of modern hydrological regime of the Kuyalnik Liman. In the paper for the detection of major trends of these changes the natural climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) are evaluated.
The purpose of investigation is assessment of changes in major climatic factors of flow formation, namely precipitation and air temperature for the year, warm and cold periods on the basis of meteorological stations data within the catchment the Kuyalnik Liman and adjacent areas during the period 1900-2012.
Modern hydrology of the Hadzhibeysky estuary is due to natural and anthropogenic factors and characterized by their intense economic use. Since the beginning of the last century, there was an intense discharge of municipal waters from Odessa (biological treatment plant “North”). This led to a significant increase in the levels of water in the estuary, which threatened to destroy the dam that separates the estuary from the sea, with the possible flooding of residential areas and enterprises of the Peresip area, as well as the road, on the dam, especially in disastrously high water years.
The article deals with the problematic issues related to the definition of the design characteristics of the maximum runoff of rain and spring floods the rare probability of exceedance in the case absence of direct observations for hydrological regime of rivers. A brief review of foreign and domestic methods to determine the maximum runoff of the rivers is discussed. A new calculated and normative framework based on the theory of channel isochronous with using geometric model of slope and streamflow hydrographs are proposed. The formulas proposed by the authors is recommended for practical use, as a supplement to a new regulatory document, which is being developed in Ukraine.
This paper goes on our investigations of the fractal structures in the chaotic and turbulent processes and connected with a great importance the experimental and theoretical studying of the non-linear dynamical systems with aim to discover the fractal features and elements of dynamical chaos. In this paper on the basis of wavelet analysis and multifractal formalism it is carried out an analysis of fractal structures in the chaotic processes (the time series of the nitrates concentrations in the Small Carpathians river’s watersheds Svidnik-Ondrava in the Earthen Slovakia) and the spectrum of the fractal dimensions has been computed. It is carried out numerical modelling and fulfilled a comparison of theoretical data with the earlier received estimates on the basis of other fractal formalism algorithm.
Introduction. Violation of natural water exchange in the lake Yalpug – Kugurluy led to the deterioration of water quality in lakes and their shoaling and silting of lakes and overgrown with reeds.
Purpose. Water system study mode lakes Yalpug – Kugurluy based on water balance equation and the definition and analysis components of the water balance equation system oz.Yalpuh – Kugurluy. Based on this analysis needs to develop to offer optimal functioning oz.Yalpuh – Kugurluy, in terms of its tiered and hydrochemical regimes as well as perform mathematical modeling of reservoir operation in different administrative actions.
Methods. The article used the methods of analysis in theory, the method of water balance.
Results. Established that the greatest impact on the water regime of lakes in incoming parts are precipitation, the expenditure – the evaporation from the water surface of lakes and water exchange мagee system of lakes Yalpug – Kugurluy and Danube river.
Conclusion. It should be a more detailed investigation of the water regime of lakes, the adoption of recommendations for the improvement of water exchange in lakes as well as improve the quality of water for agricultural purposes.
The actuality of research is conditioned by necessity of water regime determination under climate change for substantiate management its water resources in future. The purpose of investigation is evaluation of changes in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman catchment under climate change.
The main method of research is model “climate- runoff “, developed at the Odessa State Environmental University. Database of global climate change scenarios A1B (realized in regional climate model REMO) and A2 (developed under the regional climate model RCA) was used.
The analysis of fluctuation regularity of climatic factors of the flow formation on the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment and surrounding areas according to selected scenarios using difference-integral curves are done. Changes in precipitation and the maximum possible evaporation for the 30-year intervals up to the year 2100 (scenario A1D) or up to the year 2050 (scenario A2) are analyzed. The main tendencies in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman using the model “climate- runoff” in the future are established. It is shown that according to the scenario A1B by the middle of XXI century possible reduction of water resources in the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment is 40%. According to the scenario A2 water resources in northern part of the basin can grow on average by 20-30%, and in the southern part runoff can be reduced on average by 10%.
Introduction. The main characteristic of hydrometeorological mode of China Lake, is the water balance of inland waters, defined process flow and water flow. Based on the water balance is determined by water exchange, physical and chemical processes in reservoirs and estimated effects of measures aimed at possible economic use of water resources.
Purpose. The aim is analyze of physical – geographic, morphometric, hydrological, hydraulic characteristics of China Lake and the rivers that feed them; calculation of the components of the water balance of the lake China (in 2008-2014) and determine the water balance of residuals.
Methods. In the analysis of available materials observations known statistical methods used; in determining the unknown components of water balance – similar hydrological me
thods and operating regulations.
Results. Receipt of lake water balance China (2008-2014) in the largest extent determine precipitation on the water surface of the lake (from 17 to 77%), while expenditure is the highest percentage of evaporation from 38,7 to 86,1%. The greatest value of residuals observed in the summer months, received their size residuals are found within the acceptable.
Conclusion. The authenticity of the definition of the components of the water balance of the lake. China will also be checked accuracy of the values of salinity of water in the reservoir as a result of payments salt balance.
Introduction. Today there are significant problems of transboundary pollution of the Dniester River basin in Ukraine, including within the Vinnitska oblast.
Purpose. The aim is to assess the current state of the watercourses of the Dniester River basin in transboundary areas with the Republic of Moldova, within the Vinnytska oblast by 2013.
Methods. Evaluation of current watercourses quality in Dnister basin was performed based on the Methodology of environmental assessment of watercourses quality for the relevant category and on the Methods integrated assessment of groundwater contamination.
Results. The results of water quality evaluation of the river Dniester basin in cross-border areas are assigned to them “satisfactory” and “bad” (the average and maximum environmental indices) features state and “dirty” and “dirty” qualifications purity by the Method of environmental assessment of watercourses quality in the relevant categories. By the Method of integral estimation of water courses contamination within the basin of river Dnister in Vinnytska oblast contamination status changed from “harmless” to “intensive”. This shows a significant contamination of the river Dniester water basin.
Conclusion. In order to improve the ecological state of the river basin it is necessary to conduct comprehensive monitoring of rivers, set GDS the priority given indicators of water quality, improve the culture of land and water use in watersheds. Priority execution of these measures should be in parts of the basin, characterized by the worst quality. Improvement of the situation with river Dnister basin in the cross-border region with Republic of Moldova should only be done on the state level with help of Euroregion “Dniester” initiative.
The study of the reservoirs is of great scientific interest and is of practical importance for the solution of problems of rational use and protection of water resources. The paper describes the latest reservoir in the cascade of Dnipro Kakhovka Reservoir and its component of water balance. The methods of determining the components of the water balance that were once offered the Kakhovka hydro-meteorological observatory are submitted. Great attention is drawn to the surface flow of water into the reservoir from unexplored rivers, which is determined by the method of analogy. The probable error of this method, in turn, is equal to for monthly values 30-50% and annual – 10-20%. So, there is provided somewhat different a method for determining the surface flow using the curve of security component amount of annual precipitation, maps of the norm runoff and tables SNiP 2.01.14.83. The proposed method simplifies and accelerates the process of calculating the amounts of surface water flow in unexplored rivers to Kakhovka reservoir.
Introduction. The process of transfer of dissolved salts in the mixing zone of river-sea in the early stages of mixing. Using the equation of convection-diffusion of impurity transport using variable coefficients of diffusion processes for the analysis of neighborhoods interfaces solutions. The analytical description and modeling of the processes and to assess their impact on the various components of the ecosystem.
The experimental data. We used materials of field observations in the areas of water mixing Kola Bay total length of over 60 km. and the period of renovation of water in the mixing zone, depending on the season at 3-10 days. The results of measurements of the hydrophysical parameters in Kola Bay are presented according to the 25 stations separately for spring and autumn seasons, with a total of more than 5600 field observations.
Results. On the basis of the analytical solution of the problem set that microcurrents gradient across the axis of elongation of form bi-layer hydrodynamic barrier layer, with the effect of blocking the diffusion of ion transport, which contributes to the conservation and sustainability of the layered structures. The results of field measurements for the Kola Bay, confirming the theoretical conclusions. Lamellar structure is formed in the areas of initial contact treatment of various origins, comes from a steady beam isohaline 10-33 ‰, which spreads along the fiber with isohaline 24,7 ‰, extending the strong deceleration at a steady angle of inclination of the border section area of river-sea.
Conclusions. The theoretical conclusions about the formation of a special layer at the boundaries of the mixing zone, the physical effect of blocking ion transport and accelerates the heat transfer through the boundary between fresh and marine waters. Modeling of pollutant transport model for lamellar. Various models of formation of the layered structure in contact marine and fresh waters with different ionic composition.
The potentialities of averting a further salinization of the Tyligulskyi Liman lagoon were identified on the basis of the results of the hydrodynamic modelling, using the numerical model Delft3D-FLOW. The means to prevent the salinization in the lagoon include a reconstruction of the “lagoon-sea” interconnecting channel and the changing of its operational schedule, as well as the increasing of the river inflow considering the climatic conditions of the first half of the XXI century. The results of the verification of the hydrodynamic model are given. It is shown that for stabilizing water levels and reducing the rate of the water salinity in the lagoon the most effective option is the year-round operation of the deepened “lagoon-sea” connecting channel. This will be facilitated by a multi-directional exchange of water through the channel caused by wind-induced water level oscillations in the lagoon and in the sea. However, while maintaining the current level of the water management activity in the catchment area of the lagoon, a long-term trend of increasing water salinity in the lagoon still remains. Only the restoration of natural river discharge into the lagoon could reduce the tendency of growing water salinity to a minimum.
The article considers the main regularities of distribution of biogenic elements in accordance with the dissolved oxygen and hydrological characteristics of the marine environment. To study the spatial distribution of biogenic elements taken three main forms of substances in the marine environment: phosphates, nitrates, silicates. Because these compounds in ocean are crucial importance for the development of life.
Shows the role of hydrodynamic factors that most significantly affect the distribution and redistribution of nutrients in the waters of the North Atlantic. Quantitative evaluation of the nutrient transport system of currents. The calculated weight amount of phosphates transported by the stream per unit time.