Temperature is one of the main meteorological parameters. It determines the weather and climatic conditions, and impacts on human activities. Weather and climate conditions (precisely air temperature) are the most important factors which affect natural and recreational resources and also stipulate recreational and tourist activities. The article discusses the possible impact of air temperature changes from 2021 to 2050 on recreational and tourist activities in Ukrainian regions. We have analyzed the data gathered by 85 observation stations which are located in various Ukrainian regions. The analysis was based on scenario due to average level of greenhouse gases emissions (medium climate change pattern) for 30 years (2021-2050). The coastal zone in North-western part of the Black Sea has one of the high level of recreational-tourism potential. The forecast in this region makes rather small increasing of the temperature in summer time. So, it has not significant influence to the present forms of recreation and tourism activities. The research indicates that changes in average annual, average summer and winter air temperatures according to the scenario will not significantly affect the possibility of summer recreational and tourism activities. Also climate changes will not affect sustainable development of recreation and the level of thermal impact on recreants (tourists) within Ukrainian regions. Following this climate change scenario we don’t anticipate significant deterioration of weather conditions for winter recreation and tourism activities, especially for the Ukrainian Carpathians.
Methodology for calculation of aggregate climate change index which taking into account abnormal events in the temperature and precipitation is described. The method is used for Europe. It is shown that greatest climate change during 1978-2006 years occurred in the Central Europe, Western and Central Mediterranean, and Pyrenees.
The paper analyzes spatiotemporal features the indices of hot, cold and precipitation that are related to weather conditions. The temperature in Ukraine tends to be higher, which is the main regional feature of global climate changes. The North Atlantic Oscillation had an influence on the precipitation in Ukraine – weather is rainier during its negative phases. Also, colder night and hotter days were more frequent during negative phases of the NAO. This fact can be explained by enhancing meridional flows in Ukraine. The wavelet analysis also revealed an impact of the NAO on temperature anomalies – positive phases determined increasing monthly minimum temperatures before the 1980s and decreasing ones after 1980s. Also, the wavelet analysis showed that the North Atlantic Oscillation influenced the precipitation in northern and southern parts of Ukraine in different ways.
The article considers parameters of heat and radiation regime within natural and climatic zones of Ukraine for the period of 1986 – 2005 in comparison with their expected changes calculated with regard to two scenarios of climate change: RCP4,5 and RCP8,5 for the period up to 2050. It is noted that during the period up to 2050 there will be an increase of parameters of radiation and thermal regime observed within all natural and climatic zones of Ukraine based on the calculations related to both scenarios. Increase of values of parameters of radiation regime will be observed mainly in the second half of summer and in early autumn. Due to increased amounts of solar radiation in some regions of Ukraine amount of temperatures during the period in question will increase as well with air temperatures exceeding 5 ° C. However expected increase of amount of temperatures will not exceed 200° C. Increase of amount of temperatures will promote better heat supply for agricultural crops.
The problem of climate change and global warming both in whole and in particular has become one of the most serious and urgent directions of scientific and technical activity at the present stage. The future food security of Ukraine depends on the effectiveness of adaptation of agriculture to new conditions dictated by the global anthropogenic warming. In order to evaluate possible impact of climate change in Ukraine on agroclimatic indicators the scenario A1B – “moderate” was used providing a balance between all energy sources. Researches of sunflower harvest formation are carried out using a dynamic model of agricultural crops productivity. For a comparative analysis of scenary meteorological variables with previous data the period from 1986 to 2005 is taken from agroclimatic directory of Ukraine. It serves as a base when performing calculations. According to calculations of A1B climate change scenario, periods of sowing and subsequent phases of development will occur earlier than at present, which will lead to reduction of the whole vegetation period at most parts of the area under study. As a result of comparative analysis of temperature and precipitation regime it was found that, subject to implementation of the climate change scenario under study, expected weather conditions will be more favourable for cultivation of sunflower in the Western and Central forest-steppe, as well as at the Right-Bank Ukraine and in the Donetsk sub-zone of Northern steppe of Ukraine.
The article presented graphical and analytical dependences between hydrometeorological parameters in the area Kakhovka reservoir for determining the evaporation of its water surface during operation.
The effect of water vapor saturation deficit over the reservoir for typical years of its meteorological indicators based on the true hydrometeorological information for 55 years of operation of the reservoir was studied.
It is discussed the effects of seasonal variability of temperature on the developmental character of autotrophic components of marine plankton. An automodel equation of realization of biotic potential (µ/µm) by connection with tolerance range indices is formulated: µ/µm = f(Tmin, Tm, Тopt, Q). A physico-geographical model of µ/µm formation in different latitudes is developed, in which this index is used as a mathematic function. It is discussed ecologic strategies and effects of suppression of autotrophs by a seasonal trend of temperature variability. Examples are given.
The estimation of change climatic recourse of the Lugansk region was examined in 2011-2030 and 2031-2050 years in connection with the changes of climate in compression by base period 1970-2010 years. Using models was assessed photosynthesis production and vibrations of the productivity of winter wheat in the conditions of change of climate.