In the article main formaldehyde emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of formaldehyde in Kiev city, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration exceeding.
The method of calculation of the height of the atmosphere boundary layer and its internal layers, such as the surface, dynamic and convective ones, by means of the energy-balance model of the surface layer, which is developed for calculation of surface turbulent fluxes, is proposed. The standard meteorological data are used.
Based on eight-period of meteorological observations at meteorological stations Slavs’ke and five-day observations by snow way route for the period 1990 – 2010 years defines the main characteristics snow cover dates of creation and destruction, the height and duration of its occurrence, density, supply of water in the snow. The comparative analysis of the above-mentioned characteristics to the data Climate inventory Ukraine was made.
Spatial and temporal distribution of dry conditions in Ukraine for the period 2000-2013 was studied using the normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation condition index, which are the products of Earth satellite sensing. It was found the prevalence of spring droughts in all agroclimatic zones with a maximum of frequency and intensity in the eastern Steppe. A comparing of the crop yield of winter wheat and spring barley with anomalies of vegetation index showed significant crop reduction in the years when the value of vegetation index in April-June was less then the average.
The monthly air temperature zoning in the Northern Pacific has been obtained with the use of the Universal Cluster Iterative method. The proposed scheme has been verified from both physical and statistical points of view. The results showed the zonal distribution of monthly values over the Pacific Ocean, while meridional deviations were being occurred along the North America coast.
The integral transfers of different types of energy through the lateral boundaries for blocking anticyclone above territory of Europe are calculated and analysed.
The article describes the thermal regime change in Ukraine over the past fifty years and its features in 2013. Rank meteorological variables defined in 2013 and their anomalies over the past half-century in Ukraine and its regions. Established that an increase in air temperature in Ukraine is virtually certain. 2013 was the third warmest in rankings in the last 53. Feature of the thermal regime in 2013 are: high values of minimum temperature, long frost-free period, growing season and the summer season a large number of hot days and days with favorable conditions for the formation of atmospheric drought. While in the west it was the most arid in the north – the third in the rankings, losing in 2010 and 1996 years.
The comparative characteristics of the thermal regime of the air in Ukraine for the period until 2030 years are considered. Early onset dates transition temperature at 0, 5, 10 and 15 C in the spring is expecting. Later in the fall, the overall increase in average temperature, total temperature and their amplitudes.
The results of the research of the dynamic model block of winter hardiness formation by the plants of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented, with the Odessa region as an example. The parameters of the model block of winter hardiness formation by the plants of winter wheat according to laboratory and field experimental observations of agrobiological indexes dynamics are identified. The model describes the process of hardening of winter wheat plants under the effect of agrometeorological conditions of autumn – winter period and can be used for forecasting of their wintering both for a particular field, and the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The error between the calculated model values and the actual data obtained in the laboratory and field experimental observations on the date of ending of autumn vegetation is 7 %.
Considered changing agro-climatic conditions of grapes cultivation in the northern Black Sea region. The estimation of winegrapes phenology offset in the implementation of climate scenarios. Based on the model of grapes productivity forming was done assessment of the yield due to possible climate change.
Assessed the risk of damage to the grapes of different varieties of spring frost using conditional probability model. Calculations were carried out according to the five agro-meteorological stations wine-growing zone of Odessa region.
The article discusses the scientific and methodological approaches for creating a computational technique for determining the characteristics of the high flow of small rivers.
The dependence identified and presents for determining the water loses due to evaporation from the reservoirs of the Dnieper cascade on the basis of generalization of real morphological and hydrometeorological information.
On the most part of the rivers of Tyligul lagoon basin hydrometeorological observation are not organized. Existing series of data on Tyligyl river were transformed by water management, it is not possible to estimate the runoff characteristics with required accuracy. Characteristics of annual, minimum runoff and intra-annual distribution were calculated by “climate-runoff” model with using meteorological data.
The technique of determining the design characteristics of the spring floods and rain floods rare probability of exceedance for evaluate of influx of surface waters in the estuary Hadzibeevsky is substantiated.
The article is devoted to research the water quality of the Southern Bug in the point Vinnytsya city on the indicators oxidability (bichromate, permanganate oxidability, colourity, dissolved oxygen) and their statistic characteristics. Assessment of water quality was made by the method of environmental assessment on the ecological and sanitary categories. Using of probability curves was allowed to define the different levels of water’s quality probability.
In the article different eventual-difference charts are considered at the design of the unset turbulent diffusion of dredge in a water-course in the flat raising of task. The analysis of the got decisions is executed, the estimation of error of calculations is given and the initial parameters of model are optimized. Led recommendation for implementation of engineering’s calculations.
The estimated hydrological characteristics of rivers Zhytomyr region was clarified. The time limit of water flow cycles, each of which includes a dry and wet phase of varying duration was set. The significant variability of normal annual runoff in certain phases, and even periods was underlined. These studies recommended to take into account when determining the comparative time periods for water management, hydrochemical calculations and hydrological forecasting.
The effect of water vapor saturation deficit over the reservoir for typical years of its meteorological indicators based on the true hydrometeorological information for 55 years of operation of the reservoir was studied.
The article considers scientific-methodical approaches associated with substantiation duration of influx from the slopes during the formation of extremely high rain floods and spring floods.
Based on the results of microbiological surveys in winter 2002-2005, the analysis of the conditions of formation of the dominant groups of bacteria multitude of winter plankton communities. Established regular changes of the sizes of the various groups that are defined by the gradient of physico-chemical parameters of the complex, based on the direction of transport of water in the Kara Sea. Identified quantitative forms of communication that form the dominant population groups of bacteria for the winter season as a homogeneous set of environmental factors.
The general tendencies of long-term changes of the Black Sea density structure in the 20-th century are revealed on the basis of oceanographic data re-analyzis. Low-frequency variability of vertical stratification, horizontal density gradients and geostrophic circulation intensity is considered. External forcings exerted on the density structure and its significance are discussed.
Based on satellite data for the period 2005 – 2011 the following characteristics of vortices generated over the continental slope in the north-western and western parts of Black Sea were analyzed. A number of vortices generated by the term of their existence and intensive development were calculated. The front position and direction of water transfers in the most typical eddies were determined. Close relationship of eddy activity in the area that is foreseen with thermal state in winter and variability flow of the Danube.