In the paper it is outlined the main methodological positions and the results of the approbation of new approaches to the integrated assessment of the potential of crop yields.
There are considered the theoretical foundations of a joint assessment of the biological, ecological and anthropogenic components of the yield potential of agricultural crops which are based on the ecosystem concept and the mathematical model “Weather-Crop Yield” developed by V. P. Dmytrenko. In the considered approaches the peculiarities of the influence of various environmental factors on the formation of crop yields are determined by indicators of various potential yields – general, climatic and trend (agrotechnological). Each type of yield potential can be used for evaluation of the effectiveness of the conditions of field crop growing for each factor taken into account, as well as the optimality criterion in the agrometeorological adaptation strategies and also as a criterion for the degree of sensitivity of the yield level to the conditions of crops cultivating.
The developed approaches are tested on the example of estimation of long-term dynamics of winter wheat yield potential in Ukraine. According to the results of the evaluation of different factors of the potential of the productivity of winter wheat for the periods 1961-1990 and 1991-2010 the dominant importance of organizational and technological processes in comparison with the contribution of changes of agroclimatic conditions has been determined in both periods.
Changes of agroclimatic conditions of cultivation of a winter wheat during the autumn-winter and springsummer period on different by scripts of change of a climate and their influence on photosynthetic productivity cultures are considered.
The yield of Lucerne green mass for the period since 2001 to 2010 was calculated using the mathematical model “Productivity of Lucerne”. The comparative assessment of obtained results and long-term observations in XX century was performed. The optimization of irrigation norms for Lucerne fields in 2004 and 2007 was fulfilling.
The results of numeral experiments are resulted and quantitative estimation of influencing of different terms of sowing on intensity of photosynthetic activity of plans of culture of beans in the basic natural-climatic areas of Ukraine is given.
Представлены результаты численных экспериментов по оценке влияния засушливых, влажных и среднемноголетних условий на развитие популяции колорадского жука и формирование урожайности картофеля применительно к условиям Ровенской области. В основу численных экспериментов положена модель формирования урожайности картофеля и развития популяции колорадского жука при различных агрометеорологических условиях.
The results of numeral experiments of light, warmth and moisture influences on the accumulation of separate plant organs biomass and the formation of the yield as a whole considering Cherkas region conditions are set up
The submodel of process of frost resistance and wintering of the winter wheat as a component of complex dynamic model of growth, development and formation of the crop production.
The results of a numeral experiments with the estimation of late frosts influences, observed during 3 ten-day periods of 11 being under study, on the accumulation of potato plant individual organ biomass and productivity formation as a whole conformably to Kirovograd region conditions are stated.