Main sources of unintentional production of persistent organic pollutants (the case of Оdesa)

Authors: V.I. Mykhailenko, T.P. Shanina, T.A. Safranov

Year: 2018

Issue: 21

Pages: 110-119

Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants represent a serious global threat to human health and the environment. They have certain properties: resistance to decomposition, bioaccumulation, extreme toxicity, even at ultra-low concentrations, ability to transboundary transfer and deposition. Unfortunately, there is no separate normative and legislative base regulating production of persistent organic pollutants in Ukraine. All norms and rules regulating such pollutants formation are included in a large number of various legislative acts and this does not allow systematization and specification of the actions associated with treatment of POPs. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the main sources of unintentional formation of persistent organic pollutants (using Odessa as an example). As part of the study it was established that the main sources of unintentional formation of POPs in Odessa are: combustion of organic fuels by stationary and mobile sources; production of building materials; open landfills of solid household waste; smoking of meat and fish products; functioning of crematoria; tobacco smoking; functioning of the city sewage system. The analysis of the legislative base of Ukraine is carried out which resulted in making a conclusion that there is no separate normative and legislative base regulating production of persistent organic pollutants in Ukraine. For the first time the list of the main sources of unintentional formation of these pollutants was established for Odesa with estimation, using the most advanced European methods, of the mass of persistent organic pollutants formed from each type of above-stated production facilities, and estimation of the total mass of their generation over the territory of Odessa. Since different techniques give results in different units of measurement, a transition to one unit of measurement was performed. Based on the concept of maximum permissible concentration (MPC), the permissible number of molecules of POPs equivalent to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) which can enter the body of one person through respiratory organs was caclculated. A comparison with the number of molecules of 2,3,7,8-TCDD entering the atmosphere in a permissible quantity per 1 citizen of was carried out and corresponding conclusions based on calculations of unintentional formation of POPs in Odessa during one year were made. Also, based on the obtained results, priority sources of unintentional production of persistent organic pollutants were established which allows correct and timely implementation of appropriate measures to reduce formation of these polluting substances.

Tags: emission; hexachlorobenzene (HCB); persistent organic pollutants; pollution; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB); polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibnezofurans (PCDD/F); гексахлорбензол (ГХБ); гексахлорбензол (ГХБ); емісія; емісія; забруднення; забруднення; Одеса; Одеса; Одесса; поліхлоровані біфеніли (ПХБ); поліхлоровані біфеніли (ПХБ); поліхлоровані дибензо-п-діоксини та дибнезофурани (ПХДД/Ф); поліхлоровані дибензо-п-діоксини та дибнезофурани (ПХДД/Ф); стійкі органічні забруднюючі речовини; стійкі органічні забруднюючі речовини

Bibliography

  1. State Committee of Ukraine for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy. (1995). DSTU 3041-95 : Hidrosfera. Vykorystannia i okhorona vody [State standarts of Ukraine 3041-95 : Hydrosphere. Using and protection of water]. Kyiv. (in Ukr.)
  2. Treger, Ju.A. (2007). [Persistent organic pollutants. Problems and solutions]. Vestnyk MYTHT [Reporter MSUFCT], 5, 87-95. (in Russ.)
  3. The Main Department of Statistics in Odessa Oblast (2013). Statystychnyi shchorichnyk Odeskoi oblasti za 2012 rik [The statistical yearbook of the Odessa region for 2012]. Odesa. (in Ukr.)
  4. Kopytov, V.V. (2012). Gazifikatsiya kondensirovannykh topliv: retrospektivnyy obzor, sovremennoe sostoyanie del i perspektivy razvitiya [Gasification of condensed fuels: a retrospective review, current state of affairs and development prospects]. Moscow : ’Infra-Inzhyneriya’ Publ. (in Russ.)
  5. COTKR. Proizvoditel stroitelnogo oborudovaniya [COTKR. Manufacturer of heating equipment]. Available at: http://tkr-teplo.ru/polezno-pochitat/tablica-uslovnoe-toplivo/ (accessed 18 October 2016). (in Russ.)
  6. EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2013. Available at: https://www.eea.europa.eu/ru/ publications/rukovodstvo-emep-eaos-po-inventarizacii (accessed 18 October 2016). (in Russ.)
  7. Perevod v uslovnoe toplivo [Transfer to conventional fuel]. Sinergiya opyta i tehnologii. Vinser-audit [Synergy of ex-perience and technology. Vinser-audit]. Available at: http://www.vinser-audit.ru/fuel_calc (accessed 18 October 2016). (in Russ.)
  8. UNEP. (2013) Metodicheskoe ukazanie po vyyavleniyu i kolichestvennoy otsenke dioksinov i furanov [Methodological instruction for the identification and quantification of dioxins and furans]. Geneva. (in Russ.)
  9. Katalog predpriyatiy Odesskoy oblasti [Catalog of plants in Odessa region]. UKRPROM. Available at: http://www.ukr-prom.com (accessed 19 October 2016). (in Russ.)
  10. Odesskiy tsementnyy zavod [Odessa Cement Plant]. Wik-ipedia. Free Encyclopedia. Available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org (accessed 2 February 2017). (in Russ.)
  11. Prodazh budivelno-ozdobliuvalnykh materialiv [Sales of building and finishing materials]. TzOV «Dukat LV». Available at: https://dukat-lv.prom.ua (accessed 2 February 2017). (in Ukr.)
  12. Metodika rascheta normativov obrazovaniya otkhodov pri proizvodstve kirpicha, zhelezobetonnykh izdeliy, izvesti, asfal’ta [The methodology for calculating waste generation standards for the production of bricks, reinforced concrete products, lime, asphalt]. Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/917011738 (accessed 8 February 2017). (in Russ.)
  13. Holovne upravlinnia statystyky v Odeskii oblasti [The Main Department of Statistics in Odessa region]. Available at: http://od.ukrstat.gov.ua/index.html (accessed 8 February 2017). (in Ukr.)
  14. Kapushko, M.O. (2012). [About emission of pollutants into the atmosphere in asphalt plants]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU [Internet-bulletin of VolgGASU], 8(24). Avail-able at: http://www.opengost.ru/iso/13_gosty_iso/ 13040_gost_iso/1304040_gost_iso/3762-metodicheskie-ukazaniya-po-raschetu-vybrosov-zagryaznyayuschih-veschestv-v-atmosferu-ot asfaltobetonnyh-zavodov.html (accessed 10 February 2017). (in Russ.)
  15. Metodika rascheta vybrosov vrednykh veshchestv ot predpriyatiy dorozhno-stroitelnoy otrasli, v tom chisle ot asfaltobetonnykh zavodov [Methodology for calculating emis-sions of harmful substances from the road construction industry, including from asphalt concrete plants]. Appendix №12 to the Order of the Minister of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Available at: http://eco.com.ua/content/metodika-rascheta-vybrosov-vrednyh-veshchestv-ot-predpriyatiy-dorozhno-stroitelnoy-otrasli-v (accessed 12 February 2017). (in Russ.)
  16. Stan sfery povodzhennia z pobutovymy vidkhodamy v Ukrainy za 2012 rik [State of the sphere of municipal wastes management in Ukraine for 2012]. Informatsiynyy portal Blagoustriy. INFO [Information portal Blagoustriy. INFO]. Available at: http://blagoustriy.info/ (accessed 15 February 2017). (in Ukr.)
  17. Bal’, V.V., Verein, E.L. (1990). Tekhnologiya rybnykh produktov i tekhnologicheskoe oborudovanie [Technology of fish products and technological equipment]. Moscow : Agropromizdat. (in Russ.)
  18. Golovkov, S.I., Koperin, I.F., Naydenov, V.I. (1987). Energeticheskoe ispol’zovanie drevesnykh otkhodov [Energy use of wood waste]. Available at: http://boiler-wood.ru/ash-wood.html (accessed 18 February 2017). (in Russ.)
  19. Krematsiya v Kieve, Kharkove i Odesse [Cremation in Kiev, Kharkov and Odessa]. Available at: https://www.religion.in.ua/news/ukrainian_news/17968-v-kieve-kremiruyut-40-pokojnikov-v-xarkove-70-v-odesse-30.html (accessed 12 March 2017). (in Russ.)
  20. Chislo kuril’shchikov v Ukraine stabilizirovalos’ [The number of smokers in Ukraine has stabilized]. Available at: https://zn.ua/UKRAINE/chislo-kurilschikov-v-ukraine-stabilizirovalos-na-urovne-24-202795_.html (accessed 18 March 2017). (in Russ.)
  21. Kolichestvo kuryashchikh v Ukraine sokratilos’ [The num-ber of smokers in Ukraine decreased]. Available at: https://zn.ua/UKRAINE/kolichestvo-kurilschikov-v-ukraine-za-sem-let-sokratilos-na-20-259009_.html (ac-cessed 18 March 2017). (in Russ.)
  22. Shelepchikov, A.A. Zagryazneniya okruzhayushchey sredy polikhlorirovannymi dibenzo-p-dioksinami i dioksinopodobnymi veshchestvami [Pollution of the environment by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dioxin-analogue substances]. Laboratory of Analytical Ecotoxicology. Available at: http://www.dioxin.ru/history/dioxin-info.htm (accessed 3 September 2017). (in Russ.)
  23. State Committee of the Russian Federation for Environmental Protection. (1999). Sbornik udel’nykh pokazateley obrazovaniya otkhodov proizvodstva i potrebleniya [Collection of specific indicators of production and consumption waste generation]. Moscow. (in Russ.)
  24. Nikolaenko, E.V., Avdin, V.V., Speranskiy, V.S. (2006). Proektirovanie ochistnykh sooruzheniy kanalizatsii [Designing sewage treatment facilities]. Chelyabinsk. (in Russ.)
  25. Yufit, S.S. Stoykie organicheskie zagryazniteli – “gryaznaya dyuzhina” [Persistent organic pollutants – the “dirty dozen”]. Available: https://www.greenpeace.org/ rus-sia/global/russia/report/2003/11/28330.html (accessed 7 September 2017). (in Russ.)
Download full text (PDF)